Understanding COVID-19 Variants

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory condition that was first recognized in December of 2019. It is caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. As the spread of COVID-19 continues, certain mutations, or variants, of the coronavirus have emerged.

What is a variant?
Variants are viruses that differ by one or more changes in their genetic sequence called a mutation. These changes are caused as the viruses move from person to person. Often these changes have little or no impact on the virus. However, in some cases, the variant may become more contagious or more deadly than the original virus.

Why do variants occur?
All viruses change over time. This is one of the reasons why you get a flu shot every fall—the shot is tailored to be effective against specific strains or variants of the flu. Variants may begin in a specific area or country, but then can be transferred by person-to-person contact and travel, particularly in unvaccinated individuals. The more the virus spreads, the more likely they are to change, and the more likely that a variant will occur.

Should I be worried about the COVID-19 variants?
There are a number of concerns about the COVID-19 virus variants. In many cases, research shows that some variants can spread more easily from person-to-person and have the ability to cause an increase in the severity or type of symptoms. When a virus variant is more contagious or causes more severe illness, it may lead to more hospitalizations and deaths.

Does the COVID-19 vaccine protect against the variants?
To date, vaccines have been shown to provide protection against COVID-19 infection, and to prevent severe disease, hospitalizations, and death from COVID-19 even with the presence of variants. The CDC and the FDA now recommend the new versions of the Pfizer-BioNtech, Moderna COVID-19, and Novavax vaccines that are formulated for the 2023-2024 season.

How can I protect myself from variants?
You can take important actions to decrease the spread of COVID-19 infection by getting the currently recommended vaccine , wearing a mask when and as instructed, practicing physical distancing, avoiding poorly ventilated spaces, and washing hands. Also, it is important to get tested if you have symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Vaccines have been shown to provide protection against COVID-19 infection. The CDC and other healthcare organizations recommend staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce your risk of getting severe complications from the virus.

  NOTE:  The information contained in this article is rapidly evolving because of ongoing research. Talk to your pharmacist or other health care provider if you have any questions about your medications, COVID-19, or other health issues.